'''ایلام''' ({{lang-ta|ஈழம்}}) یا '''ایلام تامیل''' ({{lang-ta|தமிழீழம்}}) اصطلاحی است که از نام تامیلی باستانی سریلانکا، یعنی «ایلام» گرفته شدهاست. معنای تامیلی «'''عیلام'''» به عنوان وطن است.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[زبان تامیلی]]
* [[زبان سینهالی]]
* [[پراکریت]]
* [[مردم سینهالی]]
== تأثیر سکاها بر ایرانیان ==
سکاها از کهنترین اقوام بشری در منطقهٔ آسیا میباشند که دارای فرهنگ و هنر غنی و تمدن با شکوه نیز بودهاند. سکاها در پهنای وسیعی از سرزمینهای باستانی پراکنده بودند و به علت هجوم این بیابانگردانان به اطراف، معمولاً از قبایل پر نفوذ و با ظرفیتهای جنگاوری بالا بودند. این قوم به دلیل این که سدههای متمادی بر تمدنهای بزرگ مجاور خود چون مادها نفوذ داشتهاند، بسیاری از مظاهر زندگی آنها در این تمدنها و اقوام همسایه تبلور یافته و با شکل دیگری به حیات خود ادامه دادهاست؛ بنابراین نشانههای فرهنگ و تمدن سکاها را میتوان در فرهنگ ایرانی مخصوصاً ادبیات فارسی کهن نیز یافت که از جملهٔ این آثار شاهنامهٔ فردوسی است که به صراحت از سکایی بودن یا سگزی بودن رستم و خاندانش یاد کردهاست.
'''قوم یدوه''' ({{lang-en|Yadava}}) گروهی از مردم هند باستان بودهاند. یدوهها همریشه با [[قوم ابیریا]] ذکر شدهاند.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[مهاباراتا]]
'''براتاها''' ({{lang-en|Bharatas}}) یک قبیله ریگودایی بودند که در [[دوره ودایی]] وجود داشتهاند. اولین مکان ذکر شده از براتاها در اولین [[رود ساراسواتی]] در جنوب افغانستان ذکر شدهاست. نام «براتا» ریشه هند آریایی و هندی ایرانی دارد.
در نبردی به نام «نبرد ده پادشاه» براتاها موفق شدند، تمام قلمرو پورو (پنجاب غربی) که در اطراف رودخانه ساراسواتی متمرکز است را اشغال کنند و مهاجرت خود را به سمت شرق تکمیل کنند. براتاها بنیانگذار [[پادشاهی کورو]]، اولین ایالت بنیانگذاری شده و تأیید شده در تاریخ هند بودند.
== در ادبیات ==
در حماسه مهاباراتا، جد [[پادشاهی کورو|کوروس]] امپراتور براتا میشود و فرمانروا و پادشاهی او براتا نامیده میشود. قبیله براتا که در مهاباراتا ذکر شدهاست زیر طایفه ای از قبیله پورو است که پسرعموهای [[قوم یدوه]] بودند. «براتا» امروزه نام رسمی جمهوری هند است.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[رود ساراسواتی]]
* [[براتا خاندا]]
* [[پادشاهی هندوسکایی]]
* [[ملواها]]
'''براتا خاندا''' ({{lang-en|Bharata Khanda}}) اصطلاحی است که در متون هندو از جمله [[وداها]]، [[مهاباراتا]]، رامایانا و [[پورانهها|پورانیک]] برای توصیف شبه قاره هند استفاده میشود.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[براتاها]]
* [[نامهای هند]]
* [[خاندا (شمشیر)]]
* [[جغرافیای اوستایی]]
* [[رود ساراسواتی]]
'''هپرو''' یا '''هبرو''' ({{lang-en|Habiru}}) نامی است که در در ناحیهٔ [[هلال حاصلخیز]] در باستان، شورشیان، قانون شکنان، مهاجمان، مزدوران، کمانداران، خدمتکاران، بردگان و کارگران را بدین نام صدا میزدند.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[ملیکجه]]
'''ملیکجه''' یا '''ملیکجا''' یا '''ملکچه''' ({{lang-en|Mleccha}}) یک اصطلاح سانسکریت است که به مردمان بیگانه یا بربر در هند باستان اشاره دارد که بر خلاف آریاها متمایز میشدند.
'''ملیکجه''' توسط آریاهای باستان در ابتدا برای نشان دادن سخنان نادرست و نامفهوم خارجیها استفاده میشد و سپس به رفتارهای ناآشنا آنها تعمیم داده شد و همچنین به عنوان یک اصطلاح تحقیرآمیز در معنای «ناپاک»، «بیادب» ویا مردم «حقیر» استفاده میشد. کلمه '''ملیکجه''' معمولاً برای «بربرهای خارجی از هر نژاد یا رنگ» استفاده میشد. کسانی که گفتارشان بیگانه بودهاست، این به معنای «گفتن ناواضح یا وحشیانه» بودهاست، به معنای «ناشناخته صحبت کردن».
آریاها به همه فرهنگها و نژادهای بیگانه که در دوران باستان کمتر متمدن بودند، «'''ملکچه'''» یا بربر میگفتند.
کلمه '''ملیکجه''' به عنوان راهی بود برای هندوهای باستان، تا کسانی را که از «نظام ارزش سنتی» پیروی نمیکردند طبقهبندی کنند. بهطور خلاصه، در مجموع، ایدهٔ کلی بدین شکل بود که ملیکجهها افرادی بودند که براساس و برطبق آنچه از لحاظ فرهنگی میبایست و مورد قبول بود، عمل و رفتار نمیکردند.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[هپرو]]
'''قوم ابیریا''' یا '''قبیله ابیریا''' یا '''طایفه ابیریا''' یا '''ابیریا کشتریاها''' ({{lang-en|Abhira tribe}}) مردمی بودند که در حماسهها و متون مقدس هند باستان در اوایل وداها ذکر شدهاند. این طایفه در ستیز و جنگآوری زبانزد بودهاند. کلمهٔ کشاتریا (Kshatriya) که در دنبالهٔ نام این قوم ذکر میشود، به معنای نگهبان حاکم یا فرمانده ترجمه میشود، که یکی از چهار طبقه یا کاست مذکور در [[ریگ ودا]] است. قوم ابیریا، مردمانی هندوآریایی بودهاند. آنان محافظان جامعه [[هندو]] بودهاند، که در زمانی که جنگی درمیگیرد به جنگ میروند. از این مردم تاریخی، به همین نام در [[رهنامه دریای اریتره]] ذکر رفتهاست. '''ابیرا''' به معنای بیباک میباشد.
متون باستانی گاهی از آنها به عنوان جنگجو، شبان و گاوچران یاد میکنند، اما در مواقع دیگر به عنوان قبایل غارتگر اشاره میکنند. برخی معتقدند ابیراهای گجرات از همان نژاد [[آشوکا]] و [[یدوه پرستان]] [[مهاباراتا]] هستند.
== در اساطیر ==
الههٔ سرشناس [[سرسوتی]] همسر [[برهما]] از این قوم ذکر شدهاست.
== مکان قوم ابیریا ==
گفته شده قوم ابیریا در [[ملوا]] میزیستهاند. برخی معتقدند آنها در [[هرات]] نیز بودهاند.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[ابیریا]]
* [[رهنامه دریای اریتره]]
* [[رود ساراسواتی]]
* [[روابط هند و بینالنهرین]]
* [[آشوکا]]
* [[پادشاهی هندوسکایی]]
'''ابیریا''' یا '''ابریا''' یا '''ابحریا''' یا '''ابحیرا''' ({{lang-en|Abiria}}) نام کشور [[قوم ابیریا]] بودهاست. این نام در [[رهنامه دریای اریتره]] بوضوح ذکر شده و شرح داده شدهاست. در رهنامه دریای اریتره ذکر شده که ابیریا یک کشور بندر محور بودهاست که در محل [[گجرات]] امروزی واقع شده بودهاست. ابیریا شمالغرب [[دکن]] را شامل میشدهاست.
از خصوصیات افراد این قبیله میتوان به رنگ پوست سفید و سبزه، قدرت بدنی بسیار بسیار بالا، و قامت متوسط اشاره کرد.
برخی، [[آبیل]]ها را باقی مانده قوم '''ابهیریا''' میداند که در سواحل دریای عمان و منطقه بلوچستان پاکستان سکونت داشتهاند.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[آبیل]]
* [[قوم ابیریا]]
* [[پادشاهی هندوسکایی]]
* [[بطلمیوس]]
* [[رهنامه دریای اریتره]]
* [[روابط هند و بینالنهرین]]
'''پادشاهی ابیریا''' ({{lang-en|Abhira Kingdom}}) در [[مهاباراتا]] یکی از دو پادشاهی نزدیک [[رودخانه ساراسواتی]] است. قلمرو امروزی ابیرا در نواحی شمالی [[گجرات]] و جنوب راجستان هند قرار داشتهاست. البته به گفته برخی مورخان، پادشاهی ابیریا در ناحیهٔ سمت جنوب هند بسیار گستردهتر بودهاست.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[سرسوتی]]
* [[کشاتریا]]
* [[قوم ابیریا]]
* [[قوم یدوه]]
'''قبایل موندا''' ({{lang-en|Munda people}}) گروههای قومی اولیهٔ هند هستند که به زبانهایی از خانوادهٔ [[زبانهای آستروآسیایی]] سخن میگفتهاند. '''قبائل موندا''' قبایل بومی هند پیش از مهاجرت دیگر اقوام بودند. افراد این قبیله باید اسم خانوادگی خود را حفظ کنند و نمیتوانند آن را تغییر دهند، اسم خانوادگی هر شخصی از یک داستان و افسانهٔ قدیمی در مورد نیاکان آنها سرچشمه میگیرد.
'''ملوخا''' ({{lang|sux-Latn|Meluḫḫa}}) نام سومری یکی از شرکای تجاری برجسته سومر در عصر برنز میانه است، بیشتر محققان آن را با تمدن دره سند مرتبط میدانند.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
{{فهرست چندستونی|۲|
* [[ملوان]]
* [[ملواها]]
* [[قبایل موندا]]
* [[روابط هند و بینالنهرین]]
'''ملواها''' ({{lang-en|Malavas}}) یکی از قبایل باستانی هند بودند. محققان مدرن آنها را همان قومی میشناسند که در زمان حمله اسکندر در قرن چهارم قبل از میلاد در [[منطقه پنجاب]] ساکن بودهاند و جنگ اسکندر علیه آنها در روایتهای یونان باستان توصیف شدهاست؛ و بعدها، باالجبار به سمت جنوب به راجستان کنونی و در نهایت به مادیا پرادش و گجرات مهاجرت کردند و قدرت آنها به تدریج در نتیجه شکستها کاهش یافت.
در زمان حمله اسکندر در قرن چهارم قبل از میلاد، آنها در منطقه پنجاب امروزی زندگی میکردند. آنها در نهایت به منطقه [[ملوا]] در مرکز هند مهاجرت کردند و نام منطقهٔ [[ملوا]] در هندوستان از نام این قوم ریشه گرفتهاست.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[ملوخا]]
* [[ملوا]]
'''ملوا''' ({{lang-en|Malwa}}) نام یک ناحیهٔ تاریخی در غرب مرکزی هندوستان میباشد. پیشتر به این ناحیه [[مدیه برات]] هم گفته میشدهاست.
== ریشه نام ملوا ==
نام این ناحیهٔ ملوا از نام قومی باستانی به نام قبیلهٔ [[ملواها]] برگرفته شدهاست.
== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[ملواها]]
* [[قوم ابیریا]]
* [[تمدن دره سند]]
'''آذاتیواتایا''' یا '''اذتیوتیا''' ({{lang-en|Karatepe}}) نام محلی است شامل قلعه ای باستانی متعلق به هیتیها، که از زمان حکومت عثمانیها تا کنون به یک موزهٔ فضای باز تبدیل شدهاست. این قلعه در دامنهٔ کوه [[توروس]] و در ساحل شرقی [[رود سیهان|رود جیحون]] واقع شدهاست. این مکان یک شهر باستانی از سرزمین [[کیلیکیه]] بودهاست.
'''رود سیهان''' یا '''رود جیهان''' یا '''رود سیحون''' یا '''رود جیحون''' یا '''نهر سیحون''' و '''جیحون''' یا '''سیهان''' ({{lang-el|Πύραμος}}), رودی است که از ارتفاعات [[توروس]] در [[کاتائونیا]]ی سیلیکیه فلات آناتولی سرچشمه میگیرد. این رود در استان [[قهرمانمرعش]] ترکیه جاری است. '''رود جیحون''' در دست کم ۶ نقطه با [[رود ساروس]] تلاقی پیدا میکند و یکی میشوند.
محل شهر و قلعهٔ «[[آذاتیواتایا]]» در نزدیکی [[رود سیهان|رود جیحون]] واقع بودهاست.
'''ژرژ کنتنو''' یا '''ژورژ کنتنو''' ({{lang-en|Georges Contenau}}؛ ۹ آوریل ۱۸۷۷ – {{death date|df=yes|1964|03|22|1877|04|09}}) [[باستانشناس]]، [[پزشک]]، [[نمایشگاهگردان]]، و [[استاد دانشگاه]] اهل [[فرانسه]] بود.
وی همچنین برندهٔ جوایزی همچون [[لژیون دونور (افسر)]] و [[لژیون دونور (شوالیه)]] شدهاست.
ژورژکنتنو دانشمند و باستانشناس از محلی به نام «آریا کاشن» در نزدیک [[رود سیهان|رود جیحون]] سخن میگوید.
Who made the Newton Stone in Aberdeenshire? Where the word Brath, on Newton Stone comes from?
I think these people were good at reading the sky & so navigating in the sea…
I think Carahunge, Rujm el-Hiri & Stonehenge and all the others are related and they were their tools to read the sky!
And one of the fruits of this knowledge had been able to navigate in the sea… I think it all had roots in Sadhu Culture…
Sadhu culture are the kings of miracles, by reading the sky, they can predict Lunar eclipse & solar eclipses and so make ancient people believe in them, They may also be able to give ideas about predicting weather & other stuff that all was miracles in ancient times. They also had the ability to read the stars and so navigate in the sea…
I think Bharati comes from that Saraswati, maybe that’s why other nations like Hurrians and others just accepted these Indo-Iranian between themselves.
Sadhu people wear saffron-coloured clothes. (They can be the ancient "Purple People".) The purple cloth was a great luxury, probably another secret & no one else in the world knew the secret of making purple dye in the time, and that kings alone could wear the colour.
This concept of showing some kind of miracles and then ruling or guiding people & nations had been a familiar habit in that time, the historic story of “"The golden calf by Sumeri" (or Samiri)” is a good example of that…
Answering some questions of a friend:
Luri is the same as Persian but a different accent, Persians understand 100% of that, simply same language.
Yes Sasan is mythical, we read in our history books in school that Sasanian use to call themselves as children of Sasan, in order to achieve the same power as Iran had before in ancient times. They tried (Sasanian) to make awake again the old Iran. In their time…
Mirian of Iberia was actually from Sasanid family, it's obvious here had been very close relation between Georgia and Persia at that time…
Interesting ‘Saxon’ derived from a knife they are worn, sometimes there can be two roots, and both true.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sasana
This link above was interesting, I think all the ideas are true, it's not one of them true one wrong. They are all related together.
The Sexi Phoenician colony is related to Saka & Scythians, Yeah, I think it can be!
I really think Brath is related to The Goddess of Waters , Bharati (Saraswati), You know this river:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyhan_River
I think Its name comes from Saraswati, it also means “Globe” in Persian (or watching the Sky). I think these people were good at reading the sky & so navigating in the sea…
I think Carahunge, Rujm el-Hiri & Stonehenge and all the others are related and they were their tools to read the sky!
And one of the fruits of this knowledge had been able to navigate in the sea… I think it all had roots in Sadhu Culture…
Sadhu culture are the kings of miracles, by reading the sky, they can predict Lunar eclipse & solar eclipses and so make ancient people believe in them, They may also be able to give ideas about predicting weather & other stuff that all was miracles in ancient times. They also had the ability to read the stars and so navigate in the sea…
I think Bharati comes from that Saraswati , maybe that’s why other nations like Hurrians and others Just accepted these Indo-Iranian between themselves.
Luri is the same as Persian but a different accent, Persians understand 100% of that, simply same language.
Yes Sasan is mythical, we read in our history books in school that Sasanian use to call themselves as children of Sasan, in order to achieve the same power as Iran had before in ancient times. They tried (Sasanian) to make awake again the old Iran. In their time…
Mirian of Iberia was actually from Sasanid family, it's obvious here had been very close relation between Georgia and Persia at that time…
Interesting ‘Saxon’ derived from a knife they are worn, sometimes there can be two roots, and both true.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sasana
This link above was interesting, I think all the ideas are true, it's not one of them true one wrong. They are all related together.
The Sexi Phoenician colony is related to Saka & Scythians, Yeah, I think it can be!
I really think Brath is related to The Goddess of Waters , Bharati (Saraswati), You know this river:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyhan_River
I think Its name comes from Saraswati, it also means “Globe” in Persian (or watching the Sky). I think these people were good at reading the sky & so navigating in the sea…
I think Carahunge, Rujm el-Hiri & Stonehenge and all the others are related and they were their tools to read the sky!
And one of the fruits of this knowledge had been able to navigate in the sea… I think it all had roots in Sadhu Culture…
Sadhu culture are the kings of miracles, by reading the sky, they can predict Lunar eclipse & solar eclipses and so make ancient people believe in them, They may also be able to give ideas about predicting weather & other stuff that all was miracles in ancient times. They also had the ability to read the stars and so navigate in the sea…
I think Bharati comes from that Saraswati , maybe that’s why other nations like Hurrians and others Just accepted these Indo-Iranian between themselves.
It looks like Ancient people in Britain had a connection with Asia Minor i.e. Anatolia. There had been so many different nations in Levant in ancient times. And they all were related. Now we know mostly those who were become more powerful afterwards. But in that Ancient Time, all were mixed. There had been lots of cultural and technological transactions & relations between them.
There is DNA found on ancient grave sites, which would help in the genetic tracing of the origins. That kind of proof has been found!
...
There were mostly Indo-Aryan peoples living in the Middle East at ancient time. Hurrians were the majority of ordinary people there, and there were some “Bel” or “Bel” owners (rich, knowledgeable, Powerful people) that managed Hurrians & other ordinary people there. Hurrians are old inhabitant of that area, there were everywhere, and they had been there for a long time before but others like for example Hittite people were newcomers. They joined together. This “joining” had happened in that place for lots of times in that time. Hurrians and Urartians Mixed with Indo-Aryans from Indus Valley Civilizations. Actually the Levant & Mesopotamia had been a very important part of the world. Which nations gather and meet each other and there had been cultural exchanges & … For example, Phoenicians & Canaanites are almost the same, or very close & mixed people.
Sumerians were Aryan, and Hittites in Asia Minor & Anatolia were also Indo-European. In the south of the Levant and in the site which today Saudi Arabia is situated and around it there were people of Semitic language.
But In fact, the Middle East at the ancient time was not primarily a Semitic place, and there were mainly
Indo-Aryan peoples, just like Lullubi people, The Hurrians, Sumerians, Hittites, and Mitanni kingdoms (Which Maybe they were the Greatest Ancient Empires in that time in the Middle East and Asia Minor which were disappeared later). Mitanni Empire and Hittite Empire in power both had been well advanced civilizations at that specific time of their own.
...
Now,
Some people say “Welsh sounded a bit like Hebrew and Gaelic sounded a bit like Arabic.” I don’t know exactly about that, but I saw a Fun YouTube video that a person speaks, and other should guess the language, and interestingly there were lots of people that call Gaelic as Persian. I found it interesting...
The Galls can be related to an almost "extinct" group of Persians called the Gilaks & That can be true!
I'm not sure about that, but, I see foreigners who had heard Gaelic and they said it sounded like Persian!
So I decided to have a little research on it.
First thing it may look like, The Romans never referred to these people for example as Celts, They are just pre-Roman tribes. & so where these names came from?!…
"Gilaks" were apparently lived along the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea.
The similarity in the ancient name of Iran (Arianna) and the Gaelic name of Ireland (Eire) are coincidental? Or rather they result from that these peoples are, however distantly, related. Secondly, and I guess finally, if all of this is true, then there might be some similarity between Farsi and Gaelic.
And..., there is a Stonehenge in were Ancient Hurrians, Founders of Mitanni Kingdom, live today. It is called Carahunge.
Carahunt is also located exactly in were Ancient Hurrians lived. Hurrians were members of an ancient people, originally from Armenia.
Hurrians talk with a language called “Iberienne” (“Iberie”). It is now known that “Iberienne” language have lots of similarities in Armenian language which is talking with Armenian people nowadays.
Phoenicians were also Hurrians? Maybe, Maybe not… But it is proved that the Georgians and Armenians are particularly close to The Tabaristan and Gilani groups. & this name of Gilani & Galilee &... is repeated in other parts of the Middle East as well, for example, “the Sea of Galilee”.
The Hurrians who then make the Mitanni kingdom & their relationship to the Gaelics can be true & interesting…!
The Hurrians were led by Indo-Aryan kings, the most powerful and respected king of the Hurrians was King Baratarna of Mitanni.
They were seafaring race, they had roots from Indus Civilization, and there were located in the Levant near to big rivers and also the Mediterranean Sea. They probably worshipped sea Goddesses & Goddess of the Waters.
The dolmens in Spain are probably also related to this Hurrians?!
Hurrians got no empire, BUT the only time they got an empire was when they joined with some Indo-Aryans from Indus Valley Civilization. They joined together and made The Mitanni Empire, In Levant.
It is known that there were lots of Indo-Aryans in Levant in that time & before that. Sumerians were also Indo-Aryans, Lullubi People, which were, people that wear wild cat skins were also Indo-Aryans. Hurrians joined these people in the Levant.
The Mitanni people were a seafaring race, they may have migrated from the Mediterranean Sea to other places…
And then I find the “Newton Stone”, so interesting also The “Ballynahatty woman”.
I think there is a connection between Newton Stone and The Mitanni Empire, and maybe Newton Stone is in Hurrian Language.
The Newton Stone can be written in Hurrian Language, as it is a dead language so we cannot be sure about that. BUT, there is a translation that shows some sort of connection with the Mitanni Empire...
In the book of "Phoenician Origin of Britons, Scots, and Saxons", it is translated as below:
"This Sun-Cross was raised to Bil (or Bel) by the Kassi (or Cassi-bel[an]) of Kast of the Siluyr (sub clan) of the 'Khilani' (or Hittit-palace dwellers), the Phoenician (named) Ikar of Cilicia, the Prwt (or Prat, that is ' 'Barat' or 'Brihat' or 'Brit-on')"
It is said that “The stone has an inscription in an unknown language, with some letters strongly resembling Armenian.”! I think it is maybe in Hurrian language, and Hurrians were closely related to Todays Armenian people.
They probably got to that area in the Mitanni empire era. Hurrians probably got to Newton Stone through the Mitanni Empire, if you check Mitanni Empire in the time of Baratarna (King of Mitanni Empire); they were actually a huge empire in that time.
The Newton Stone script with the word Khilani, might be Arabized perhaps. The Gelae or Gelians, were a Scythian tribe living on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, in what is now the Iranian province of Gilan.They were living along with The Cadusii which were an ancient Iranian & powerful Scythian tribe living in north-western Iran.
The word “Cataonia” is probably rooted in “Cadusii”; The History of Cilicia should be more studied! All these names can have roots in “Sadhu”, There can been a convert of “S” to “C” & “K”.
Mitanni Empires had Hindu deities, they lived near Seyhan River. Maybe this word “Brath” is probably related to their religion. As you see they use this name as the last name on Newton Stone. It had been regular for kings in that time to call themselves children of the gods. Brath can be related to Baratarna, & Bharati goddess of waters which is probably the same as Baʽalat, 'Lady of Byblos', which was the goddess of the city of Byblos of Phoenicia in ancient times. She was sometimes known to the Greeks as Baaltis.
And in An Indian Vedas says that "King Barat gave his name to the
Dynastic Race of which he was the founder; and so it is from him that
The fame of that Dynastic people hath spread so wide."
Then we meet someone named Míl Espáine! It is said that, Míl Espáine had been the son of Bile, Which Bile had been the son of Breogán, and Which Breogán had been the son of Brath!
Then check The Newton Stone & Its translations in the book of "Phoenician Origin of Britons, Scots, and Saxons", it looks like these names are on the Newton Stone!
It is interesting the way “Espáine” sounds, it looks like “Isfahan”. It is changed because of Arabic influence; Arabic people do not have the “P”. & more interestingly, there is an area in Gilan, which is “Kuchesfahan”.
And it is mentioned that Mother of Pharnavaz I of Iberia the founder of the Kingdom of Iberia (Today Georgia & Armenia), had been a queen from Espahan of Iran!
The Georgian monarchs family tree of Iberia is actually very interesting, is Kingdom of Iberia & Principality of Iberia in ancient Georgia, related to Spain?!
Spahan, also known as Parthau was within central Iran, almost corresponding to the present-day Isfahan Province in Iran. “Míl Espáine”, sounds like in Persian when they mean “The Míl from Spahan”.
Partaw was the ancient name of Isfahan (Spahan). It comes from “Parthian People”; they were Ancient Archer people!
They were archers, and they use their equipment while riding horses, And Horse in Persian is “Asp”, and “Espahan” comes from that, because people there, were Parthians & Parthians always held lots of horses. Espahan means the city of horse riders.
The people of ancient land of Iberia in the Caucasus region considered as Seafaring people, maybe they had come to Britain as the writings on “The Newton Stone pillar stone” are written in their alphabet. These people had also made an advanced civilization known as The Mitanni Empire. To go far in Britain, they had probably crossed Spain. They can be connected!
The 'Khilani’ from the Newton Stone might be the Gilani, There are “4 letters” that are in Indo-Iranian languages which are not in Semitic languages, “P”, “G”, “Ch”, “Zh”. And so, Gilani if goes to Semitic (or Arabic) language when it comes back, it will be “Khilani”! That exactly like when “Espahan”, nowadays called “Esfahan” that because of centuries of Arab ruling Iran.
Can Míl Espáine create a link from Caucasus Iberia to Spain to Ireland and England?
The South Caucasus groups— The Georgians, Armenians, and Azerbaijanis fall inside a major cluster consisting of populations from the Caucasus and West Asia and are particularly close to Mazandarani and Gilani groups. & they all had Scythian culture. Also, Probably the Georgians had been the father of the Tubal & Ancestors of the Caucasian Iberians. There is a city near Tarhuntassa area which is called, Barate, which was a town of ancient Lycaonia & all the names on Newton Stone are here & there, again & again…
...
There had been a huge tsunami in Britain, and can we say the ancient population in Britain, mostly had disappeared in the time of Tsunamis, and probably then new populations had joined Britain people after that…? Maybe a huge tsunami and then wars afterward can explain things. There is evidence of some wars right after the huge tsunami across Europe! Probably the civilizations which were struck by the tsunami and which had become weaker were attacked by the neighboring peoples, because of the opportunity they had.
Maybe a civilization in that area had hit badly by the Tsunami, for example, “The Newton Stone”, The ancient inscriptions had been found in Aberdeen shire, Scotland, and this part of Britain is probably having been the part that had been hit by tsunami badly, and it had been maybe 30 meter & 40 meter waves, which hit the area & the place maybe 3 times in just an hour!
When Islam got power in the Middle East as they were against “Idolatry“, then they attempted to ruin all that remained from previous cultures, Then they destroyed all previous cultures and they replaced some kind of Arabic Culture instead. So lots of ancient traces that could be so much help are now gone & Unavailable. Judaism, Muslims and other new religions start to ask their follower to broke the previous religions and put it in main tasks to do.
Your Ideas?
The Newton Stone mentions the Khilani/Gilani people, to whose king or king-god the stone is devoted and forged by a Phoenician craftsman - from Cilicia, a vassal state to the Persian empire.
The fact the Gilani was shown as the Khilani, with kh, means that the word was Arabised. Maybe some Semitic substract may have been present (the Assyrian empire’s conquer over the Hittite and Hurrian, for example).
There is a place called Ispahan/Isfahan exists in the Caucassus too - possibly related to Spain/Hispania. Gilaks lived along the Southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea.
The Hurrians who created the Mitanni kingdom and were from the exact place where Gilaks are from. They were led by Indo-Aryan kings, and the most powerful and respected king of the Hurrians was King Baratarna of Mitanni. They were seafaring people, they had their roots from Indus Civilization, and who were located in the Levant near big rivers and the Mediterranean Sea. They worshipped a sea Goddess And there is a ‘Stonehenge’ were Gilaks live today: Carahunge.
The Hurrian language was called “Iberienne”, and they call “Iberie” (Iberia) where they live. It is now known that the “Iberienne” language have lots of similarities with the Armenian language spoken near Gilan today.
There were lots of Indo-Aryans in Levant at that time & before that. Sumerians were also Indo-Aryans, Lullubi People which worn wild cat skins were also Indo-Aryans.
About the Newton stone, in the book of "Phoenician Origin of Britons, Scots, and Saxons", it is translated as: "This Sun-Cross was raised to Bil (or Bel) by the Kassi (or Cassi-bel[an]) of Kast of the Siluyr (sub clan) of the 'Khilani' (or Hittit-palace dwellers), the Phoenician (named) Ikar of Cilicia, the Prwt (or Prat, that is ' 'Barat' or 'Brihat' or 'Brit-on')". It is said that “The stone has an inscription in an unknown language, with some letters strongly resembling Armenian, and they could be Hurrian.
Regarding Míl Espáine, who went to Ireland, he had been the son of Bile, Bile had been the son of Breogán, and Breogán had been the son of Brath! (Baratarna). It looks like these names are on the Newton Stone!
The way “Espáine” sounds and looks like “Isfahan”. It is changed because of Arabic influence, since Arabic people do not have the “P”. Interestingly, there is an area in Gilan, which is “Kuchesfahan”. It is mentioned that the mother of Pharnavaz I of Iberia, the founder of the Kingdom of Iberia, had been a queen from Espahan of Iran!
Mitanni Empires had Hindu deities, “Brath” it’s probably related to their religion. They use this name as the last name on Newton Stone. It had been regular for kings in that time to call themselves children of the gods. Indian Vedas says that "King Barat gave his name to the Dynastic Race of which he was the founder; and so it is from him that the fame of that Dynastic people hath spread so wide." Brath can be related to Baratarna, or Bharati goddess of waters which is probably the same as Baʽalat, 'Lady of Byblos', which was the goddess of the city of Byblos of Phoenicia in ancient times. She was sometimes known to the Greeks as Baaltis.
Partaw was the ancient name of Isfahan (Spahan). “Partaw”comes from “Parthian People”. They are called Parthian because they were ancient archers. Nowadays to shoot a gun it is said “Parthrow kardane tir.” In the Persian language. “Parthrow kon.” Means “shoot it!”
Horse in Persian is “Asp”, and “Espahan” comes from that. Parthians always held lots of horses. Espahan, in Farsi means the city of horse riders.
'''ساسانا''' یا '''شاسانا''' یا '''سسنا''' ({{lang-sa|शासन}}؛ پالی: sāsana؛ برمه ای: သာသနာ) را میتوان به عنوان مجموعهٔ آموزشها، تمرینات، نظم، و دیگر آموزههای متفرقه و جانبی یا بهطور کلی "آموزش بوداً ترجمه کرد. از آنجایی که در آیین بودیسم هیچ موجود الهی وجود ندارد، در نتیجه در بوداگرایی، "'''ساسانا'''" توصیفی دقیق تر از "دین" تلقی میشود؛ زیرا از دلالت یک دعوت غیرقابل تغییر الهی از سوی خدای دانا، اجتناب میکند.
تازه تازه از تاریخ ایران باستان!!